Mormon conversion rate lags behind missionary increase
The Associated Press/April 17, 2015
By Brady McCombs
A record number of young Mormons signed up for missions after church leaders lowered the minimum age in 2012, but new figures show the onslaught of proselytizing Latter-day Saints didn't lead to an equally dramatic spike in converts.
Statistics released by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints indicate there were 296,800 converts last year. The figure marked a 9 percent increase from two years ago, even though the number of missionaries increased by 44 percent.
The 85,150 missionaries serving at the end of last year were the most in Mormon history.
However, the average number of people converted per missionary, per year dropped to about 3.4 in each of the past two years — down from an average of five the previous decade, church figures show.
Mormon church spokesman Eric Hawkins said a number of factors may contribute to fewer baptisms per missionary, including a world that is increasingly secular.
He said it would be a mistake to say missionary work is less impactful, pointing out that the number of converts last year was the highest since 1999.
Mormon scholars say the decline is most likely due to the church sending many of its new missionaries to areas of North America that could quickly accommodate the sudden influx but were already flush with Mormons.
"All that's going to do is increase how many missionaries aren't converting anybody," said Ryan Cragun, an associate professor of sociology at the University of Tampa who was raised Mormon but no longer belongs to the faith.
The figures also suggest it's becoming more difficult to find people willing to convert to Mormonism, especially in highly developed parts of the world where people are less apt to turn to religion for help because their basic needs are being met, Cragun said.
Armand Mauss, a retired professor of sociology and religious studies at Washington State University, said the figures also might represent a shift to having missionaries focus on bringing inactive Mormons back into the faith.
Social scientists estimate that half or more of all converts stop attending church within a year of their baptism. As a result, new missionaries have likely spent time trying to "reconvert" people who strayed, Mauss said.
Today, missionaries are moving away from "conversion at any cost," and aiming for retention and reactivation of non-participating converts, said Matthew Bowman, a history professor at Bowling Green State University in Ohio,
The Mormon church says it has 15 million members around the world, far less than much older denominations. By comparison, there are 1.2 billion Catholics, according to the Vatican. The Pew Research Center says there are 1.6 billion Muslims.
Mormon President Thomas S. Monson announced in 2012 that the church was lowering the minimum age for male missionaries from 19 to 18, and to 19 instead of 21 for women.
No explicit goals or objectives were set for the new group.
David Evans, executive director of the Mormon church's Missionary Department, said in 2013 that the change was primarily aimed at giving young church members more options to fit in a mission with other plans for college, military and marriage.
Hawkins called the response from young Mormons inspiring, noting that the church has expanded the number of missions to 407, up from 347 before the age change. Women are serving more missions than ever: 25 percent of missionaries are female now, up from 14 percent before the change, he said.
The fact that the church didn't use the missionaries in potentially fertile conversion areas suggests its real intent in lowering the age was to prevent young church members from straying from the religion during the gap years that used to come between high school graduation and the start of missions, Cragun said.
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